Showing posts with label classical composers. Show all posts
Showing posts with label classical composers. Show all posts

The Songs of Johannes Brahms Review

The Songs of Johannes Brahms
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If you're a devotee of the solo Gesänge und Lieder of Johannes Brahms, you will find this book very valuable indeed.
The author analyzes 212 of Brahms's songs - all 196 that Brahms published in opus-numbered sets, the eight resettings of Op. 103 Zieguenerlieder quartets for solo voice, and eight works without opus numbers. Not included are any of the many Deutsche Volkslieder set by Brahms.
For each song, the author provides the German text and a prose English translation. The translations are especially well done; by doing them in prose, the author is able to more faithfully render the meaning of the German than would be the case were the translation to be restricted by the requirements of English rhyme and meter.
Each translation is followed by a non-technical discussion of the song, generally in one or two paragraphs but occasionally longer. These describe the musical structure of the song and the methods that Brahms used to convey his meaning; occasionally there is also a brief bit of background on the circumstances of the song's composition.
For each song, there then follow a more technical notes section, in which the author identifies the source of the text, identifies recurring motifs that Brahms used in his songs (an introductory chapter describes these motifs), references other settings of the same text by other composers, and sometimes describes early reactions to the song by Brahms's friends or fellow musicians.
The analyses illustrate the author's deep understanding of this marvelous literature and have greatly enhanced both my knowledge and appreciation of this superb body of work. The principal omission, and the reason I rate the book only four stars, is the complete absence of musical quotations - except for a few in the introductory "Motifs" chapter - in spite of the fact that in his analyses, the author often refers to specific measures by number. To fully appreciate the author's insights, therefore, you will need access to scores. (Fortunately, Dover publishes a very affordable four-volume set of the complete Brahms songs, available from Amazon.)

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In this highly anticipated book, Eric Sams examines each of Johannes Brahms's 213 songs, translates the texts into English, and provides original commentary on points of musicology and literary detail. Sams here reveals for the first time the full extent of the poetry, fantasy, and humour of the composer's work. After an introduction to Brahms as a song-writer and to his use of motifs, the book offers a complete song-by-song analysis and will serve as an invaluable companion for students, performers, and listeners alike. Sams demonstrates how Brahms built a verbal expressiveness from his unsurpassed devotion to musicianship and musicology. Songs were among Brahms's first and last works, and much of his music is associated with words, whether overt texts or covert allusions. Essential to the composer's method of song-writing was a harmony between musical form and poetic text. Sams underscores the use of motifs at the core of Brahms's song-music. He argues that it is not so much with words that Brahms sings to us, but with the very music itself. Brahms became the innovator of an all-pervasive new language in which musical form became a medium for poetic dialogue.

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Such Freedom, If Only Musical: Unofficial Soviet Music During the Thaw Review

Such Freedom, If Only Musical: Unofficial Soviet Music During the Thaw
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This is a brilliantly written piece of research. Schmelz takes a probing look at the societal and historical contexts surrounding the first attempts at the composition of serial music in the former Soviet Union (in the 1950s, believe it or not!). His study involves partial translation of Russian-language sources, interviews with musicians from the time period, and analysis of many wonderful (but little-known) pieces of music. He deals, in particular, with the music of Andrey Volkonsky, Edison Denisov, Alfred Schnittke, and Valentin Silvestrov. As their country's musicians had been largely hidden from the modern music of the decadent West during Stalin's reign, these young composers enjoyed some limited freedom during the Thaw. However, as they struggled to "catch up" to their western counterparts, these composers frequently found themselves at odds with Soviet authorities who did not approve of their desire to experiment with so-called "formalist" methods of composition.
"Such Freedom" evolved from Schmelz's doctoral dissertation from UC Berkeley, where he worked closely with Richard Taruskin. This is an absolutely crucial book for anyone who is interested in the development of "avant garde" music in the Soviet Union during the cold war. Absolutely wonderful.

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Following Stalin's death in 1953, during the period now known as the Thaw, Nikita Khrushchev opened up greater freedoms in cultural and intellectual life. A broad group of intellectuals and artists in Soviet Russia were able to take advantage of this, and in no realm of the arts was this perhaps more true than in music. Students at Soviet conservatories were at last able to use various channels--many of questionable legality--to acquire and hear music that had previously been forbidden, and visiting performers and composers brought young Soviets new sounds and new compositions.In the 1960s, composers such as Andrey Volkonsky, Edison Denisov, Alfred Schnittke, Arvo Pärt, Sofia Gubaidulina, and Valentin Silvestrov experimented with a wide variety of then new and unfamiliar techniques ranging from serialism to aleatory devices, and audiences eager to escape the music of predictable sameness typical to socialist realism were attracted to performances of their new and unfamiliar creations. This "unofficial" music by young Soviet composers inhabited the gray space between legal and illegal. Such Freedom, If Only Musical traces the changing compositional styles and politically charged reception of this music, and brings to life the paradoxical freedoms and sense of resistance or opposition that it suggested to Soviet listeners. Author Peter J. Schmelz draws upon interviews conducted with many of the most important composers and performers of the musical Thaw, and supplements this first-hand testimony with careful archival research and detailed musical analyses. The first book to explore this period in detail, Such Freedom, If Only Musical will appeal to musicologists and theorists interested in post-war arts movements, the Cold War, and Soviet music, as well as historians of Russian culture and society.

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Tchaikovsky: The Final Years (Brown, David//Tchaikovsky) Review

Tchaikovsky: The Final Years (Brown, David//Tchaikovsky)
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I've read the first three volumes of this most extensive and thoroughly researched monumental biography. I can't wait to read this final fourth volume. I have found only two faults, so far. The author delves into great detail and depth about all of the master's music. This should be welcome reading to those unfamiliar with certain neglected works. However, he allows too much of his own personal opinion to taint his descriptions of certain works (certainly stemming from his British egotistical, "know-it-all" background). I don't fault him personally, as much as recognize his country of origin in every paragraph! One perfect example is his total dismissal of the Piano Sonata in G, as being one of the dullest works Tchaikovsky composed. Having performed the work myself, and heard such exciting performances as those of Richter, and others, I can only assume Brown's only knowledge of the piece is from hearing a "dull" British pianist's performance. But, for me, the more unforgivable fault is the author's inability to come to terms with Tchaikovsky's homosexuality. Mr. Brown obviously has difficulty with this topic, and refers to it as "Tchaikovsky's condition." Mr. Brown really belongs to Tchaikovsky's era (he's way out of touch) in terms of his ability to understand it. Too bad, as it really casts a shadow over this otherwise outstanding series. I'm quite convinced that Tchaikovsky should be held up as a hero for his ability to acknowledge his sexual orientation to the extent he could in such an oppresive environment! Also, remember that the Soviets for years suppressed any homosexual references in Tchaikovsky's letters and writings. Thus, he actually did acknowledge it to a far greater extent then was previously known. His stature should gain by this. He was a remarkable man deserving everyone's respect and admiration for the hours of pleasure he has brought to the world!

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